Habitat

• native to eastern North America
• zone 4

Habit and Form

• a deciduous shrub
• multistemmed
• dense, rounded habit
• 3' to 6' tall with equal width
• slow growth rate
• medium texture

Summer Foliage

• alternate leaf arrangement
• simple, deciduous leaves
• obovate leaf shape
• up to 3" long and 1.5" wide
• entire leaf margin
• light green leaf color
• young leaves are pubescent

Autumn Foliage

• yellow fall color
• color varies from tree to tree

Flowers

• pale yellow flowers
• clustered in 3 or 4's
• blooms early spring

Fruit

• gray to reddish drupe
• 0.33" across
• 1 large brownish seed
• ripens in mid summer

Bark

• light greenish brown stems
• slender
• white lenticels
• aromatic stems when crushed

Culture

• full sun
• prefers moist, deep soils

Landscape Use

• naturalized area
• mass or group
• wet sites

Liabilities

• no serious problems

ID Features

• no terminal buds
• lateral buds are hidden by petiole
• lateral buds are conical with 4 hairy scales
• alternate leaf arrangement
• yellow flowers
• obovate leaf shape

Propagation

• by seed
• by layering

Cultivars/Varieties

• none